Substances that counteract the corrosive effects of acids by reacting with them to form water and a salt are typically referred to as bases. Common examples include sodium hydroxide (NaOH), often used in drain cleaners, and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), a key ingredient in cement. The strength of a base is determined by its ability to dissociate and release hydroxide ions (OH–) in solution.
These compounds play a vital role in various chemical processes, environmental regulation, and biological systems. They are essential for maintaining pH balance in the human body, neutralizing acidic soils in agriculture, and treating industrial wastewater. Historically, the understanding and utilization of these substances have been fundamental to advancements in chemistry, from the development of soap to the production of pharmaceuticals.
