Sand, a naturally occurring granular material, is composed of finely divided rock and mineral particles. Its composition varies depending on the source rock and local geological conditions, with quartz being the most common constituent. A typical example is beach sand, often primarily quartz mixed with varying amounts of shell fragments and other minerals.
This granular material plays a crucial role in various ecosystems, providing habitat for numerous organisms and influencing coastal morphology. Historically, it has been a fundamental component in construction, glassmaking, and more recently, in the production of semiconductors. Understanding its characteristics is essential for effective utilization and management of this vital resource.