In Texas, most property acquired during a marriage is owned equally by both spouses. This principle, known as community property, treats assets obtained while married as jointly held, regardless of which spouse’s name appears on the title or account. For example, salaries earned by either spouse and any purchases made with those salaries are generally considered community property. Separate property, on the other hand, typically includes assets owned before the marriage, inheritances, and gifts received by only one spouse.
This system significantly impacts legal matters like divorce, estate planning, and debt liability. It ensures both spouses have an equal claim to assets acquired during the marriage, promoting financial fairness and transparency. Historically, community property laws have roots in Spanish and French legal traditions, reflecting a different approach to marital property ownership than common-law states. Understanding this distinction is crucial for anyone married or considering marriage in Texas.